15 Insecticide Treated Nets
Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) are one of the most effective and widely used tools in malaria prevention. By protecting individuals from mosquito bites at night—the peak biting time for Anopheles mosquitoes—ITNs reduce both infections and overall transmission.
Types of ITNs:
Conventional ITNs: Treated with insecticides that remain effective for several washes.
Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs): These retain their effectiveness for at several years and multiple washes without re-treatment.
How ITNs Work:
ITNs act as both a physical barrier and a chemical deterrent.
When mosquitoes come into contact with the net, they are either repelled or killed by the insecticide.
Impact of ITNs on Malaria Transmission:
Studies show that widespread ITN use can reduce child mortality by 20% and malaria incidence by 50%.
ITNs are most effective when at least 80% of the population in a given area uses them regularly.
A 2015 paper estimated that almost 68% of the reduction in malaria burden between 2000-2015 can be attributed to the widespread adoption of ITNs.
Challenges and Limitations:
Insecticide resistance: Some mosquito populations have become resistant to pyrethroids, the main insecticide used in ITNs.
Net distribution and usage gaps: Not all households receive enough nets, people don’t always use when in bed, and some may use them for purposes other than malaria prevention.
Solutions and Innovations:
Newer PBO (Piperonyl Butoxide) nets and Dual Active Ingredient (Dual-AI) nets have been developed to counter pyrethroid resistance.
Mass net distribution campaigns and regular monitoring are essential to maintaining coverage.
See the video below for an in-depth look at ITNs and their use in malaria control.